Choose ONE of the online newspapers created by Mr. Nekrosius's project groups and spend fifteen minutes browsing through the various pages (you can find links to the two newspapers here). When have finished reading the newspaper, create a post that contains three things you learned from your reading and one question you have for the authors. If you are in Mr. Nekrosius's project groups, you should post on the other class's newspaper.
Remember:
You should include ONLY your first name and your class period (NO LAST NAMES) at the end of your blog post.
Also, remember to be positive and detailed in your responses! Your posts are due Thursday, January 7th.
43 comments:
1. All of the Hysteria Started because of nine-year old Betty Parris and eleven-year-old Abigail Williams who would listen to stories from Samuel Parris' slave Tituba.
2. The girls who listened to Tituba's stories all started to twitch, babble, and generally acted strangely.
3. Any time "witches" were brought into a room with the afflicted girls the girls would gasp and thrash around as if they were being bitten.
Question: Did Tituba say anything during the trials? Did she give her opinion on the matters that were happening? What were they?
Nathaniel 3-4
Three things that I learned about the Salem Witch Trials include:
1. I learned about how the Salem witch trials began by two young girls by the name of Abigail Williams and Betty Parris, and how both of the girls began to act wierdly. Later, the Salem Judges began to suspect that the girls were witches, and said that the witches had began invading Salem.
2. I also learned that is is possible that the salem court was cracking under pressure because of the great stress that came with the Witch trials, and were unfairly accusing people of practicing witchcraft for no good reason.
3. And the third thing I learned about is how the witch trials finally ended, and how the govener, sir William Phipps, stopped the Witch trials and in may of 1693, how he released all living suspected witches from the jails, ending the witch trials.
Question: My question is was the Court unfairly slamming people in jails for no appropriate desicion? Is there something that pushed the court system to do such a horrid thing? If so, what is it?
Jarrett 3-4
January 5th, 2010
1. To tell a whitch from a human is if you tie the person that you have accused of being a witch to a chair and dunk them in water, If they survive they are a witch if they do not they were human.
2. Another way you would figure out if the person is a witch or not is to look for marks on the persons body. If there is a strange mark on the persons body, that could mean they are a witch.
3. Also if you stab them with pins and they bleed they are human, but if they don't bleed they are a witch.
Question: Did the people actually try this to find out if they were witches and did they even know about these ways of seeing if someone is a witch?
Sean 3-4
One of the things I learned was actually abut my topic. I found out that of the 39 people who signed a petition asking for Rebecca Nurses release two of them were Ann Putnam's (Nurse's accuser) Aunt and Uncle. I do wonder though how the Aunt and Uncle's support was received and if they received particular trouble from Ann's direct family.
I also learned that the main reason for the witch trials in England was to try to convert people to Christianity. I did not know that since paganism was a threat to the Christian church that by accusing witches the Christians got rid of possibly resistant people and were able to institute the idea of the devil, which helped convert people into Christianity.I had known that a four year old girl was accused of being a witch and that she admitted to so she could be in jail with her mother. However I had not known
that she was Sarah Goods daughter. This is particularly interesting given that a woman who was pregnant and accused of being a witch was allowed to live due to the child inside her being innocent, but a similarly young child
does not get off.
Karen 3-4
1: Spectral evidence was when the "accuser" says that a witch was haunting them.
2: Governor Phipps ended the trials when his wife was accused of witchcraft by taking away spectral evidence. When his wife was found to be not guilty, he banned the trials.
3: Most people would admit to being witches to save their life or accuse others of being witches
Question: After the Salem Witch Trials, how did people ever trust one another?
Edward L 8-9
The Salem Witch Trials started when two girls named Betty and Abigail accused a slave named Tituba and two women named Sarah Good and Sarah Osburne of being witches. Tituba was a slave from the West Indies, and she taught the girls to act like cats and dogs, normal games for small children, and told them ghost stories. However, after the age of 6, children weren’t supposed to play anymore, so when the girls were seen acting like cats and dogs they had to explain their strange behavior. Also, they both got mysteriously ill, staring off into space, acting as if in a trance, and babbling. Sarah Good was a homeless person, who probably had a mental illness. She went around town begging and muttering strange things. Sarah Osburne had not been to church in a long time.
Eventually 19 people were executed as witches. Out of all the people arrested, one hundred four of the one hundred forty one accused were women. The trials stopped when the wife of Governor William Phipps was accused of being a witch. He immediately ended the trials.
One explanation for the girls’ strange behavior is ergot poisoning. Ergot is a fungus that grows on rye. If eaten, it makes a person sick. Mild symptoms could be a headache, but severe symptoms could be hallucination and seizures. It could have been in the bread that the girls ate.
The Witch Watch is a great newspaper. I liked how on almost all of the pages there was a picture. There was one thing I think you could have done better. The newspaper sounded like the people writing it were kind of guessing a lot of the time. Also, from what I understand the Salem witch trials were very depressing because of the amount of people that died. I think your newspaper made it sound less bad than it actually was.
leo period 3/4 4 of december 2010
I learned the following things about the Salem Witch Trials:
1. There are two types of evidence used to determine if someone is a witch or not. The magistrates gather evidence about an accused person before testing them. One type of evidence is called "spectral evidence." When an accused witch accuses someone else of witchcraft because of a dream it is called "spectral evidence." Another type of evidence is called a "witch's marking." This is when a witch has a certain mark in their skin. They are searched and if anything is found, they are pierced by an inquisitor. If the person does not feel pain, they are a witch.
2. Dorcas Good, a four-year-old girl, was accused of being a witch because of a devil's mark, which was probably a tick bite.
Her mother was imprisoned earlier. Dorcas thought that by confessing she could see her mother, but her mother never loved her. Dorcas was sent to the same prison as her mother, Sarah.
3. I learned that Sabbath is not only a Jewish Holiday but also an annual meeting of witchers and the devil.
Question: Why wasn't Giles Corey tortured by tying his head to his heels (a very common torture method)?
Liza 3-4
1. To find out if somebody is a witch, that person will have one blue eye and one brown eye. Their eyes will be sickly colored, and the colors will be dull. They will also have freckles and red hair.
2. John Willard arrested witches, but then realized when he was arresting witches that the people that he was arresting were innocent, and they were not witches. So therefore he stopped arresting witches altogether.
3. Geomancy is a form of black magic in which you read markings of the future in dirt and in rocks and pebbles. Also you can read the markings in the street or road.
Question: How did Tituba start a problem with 20 people dead by just telling stories? Why were people so afraid of those stories? What was in those stories that made them so scared and afraid?
Three things I learned were that...
1) The witch trials in England started to end in 1682. Ten years before the Salem witch trials.
2) Sarah Good (an alleged witch) had a parent who had committed suicide in 1672
3) The Putnams (whose daughter was accused of witchcraft) had a wheat farm in an area that would have been more susceptible to ergot. The Putnams also (as supporters of Rev. Parris) would have likely given the Parrises bread with ergot in it. This would explain why only a few people would have been infected by the ergot.
My question is about the Sarah Good article. In the article it says that Sarah Good's daughter was innocent but was thrown in the jails anyway because she had confessed to witchcraft to be with her mother in jail. Was the court aware that Good's daughter was innocent or did they believe a four-year-old's confession?
Clare 3-4
1) I learned that the children Abigail and Elizabeth did not start acting strange "out of nowhere". They had listened to their indentured servant Tituba's stories about witches and witchcraft in Barbados. I had thought that they had just started playing like they were animals because they were bored (which they were...)
2) I learned that there were only supposedly twelve witches (Abigail, Elizabeth, TItuba and nine others). I had thought that there was not a known number of witches, that they just killed anyone that was the slightest suspicious.
3) When witches confessed, someone (actually a teacher) told me that they would be killed. But in an article here it says that they would be released. I had no idea, and it seems very interesting that that would happen.
Q: If there were supposedly only about twelve witches, then why were more than nineteen people executed? Stating that, why were over 140 accused?
JT, 3/4
1. To identify a witch, that witch will have one brown eye and one blue eye, and the colors will be very dull and ugly. The witch will also have red hair and freckles.
2. John Withrop was somebody who arrested witches, but he realized when he was arresting witches that the people he was arresting weren't actually witches, so he eventually stopped.
3. There is a magic called Geomancy which is a form of black magic and it allows you to read the future by reading stones or pebbles, as well with the street and the road, dirt.
Rajan A.
8-9
1. Ergot is not the main cause of Betty and Abigail's behavior, but it is the most likely cause of their strange behavior.
2. Ergot grows on grains, and grows best in wet, hot summers. And most likely reached the girls through a piece of bread from the Putnams farm, then the girls ate the bread.
3. Some symptoms of Ergotism are hallucinations, constriction of blood vessels - which leads to the feeling of being pricked with needles and choking - random fits and vomiting.
Question : Who was the first person to think that the girls' behavior was not actually from black magic, but rather something else like ergot.
Jeesae 8-9
1.If you confessed to having a contract with the devil, you were considered "saved" and you were released.
2.Ergot poisoning was one of the main reasons for the witch trials.
3.Judges would examine the accused witches and if they had a dot on their back the judges thought that the dot was the way that the devil tortured the accused.
If people thought witches preformed spells and rituals in Barbados then why did the towns people preform rituals that would make them seem like witches?
Sarah 3-4
1. People believed that Abigail Williams and other girls were "witches" because they did strange things. Some of these things include barking like dogs and making other strange sounds.
2. Tituba was the "witch" who taught the children about "witchcraft" and other magical things.
3. The devils book had signature of many different people. Since the puritans wanted to get rid of all witches they started hanging people that were accused of a being a witch.
Question: Why did the girls tell the judge that Tituba was the reason why they were acting so weird? Wasn't she the one who gave them something to do during the day? Plus if they hated her so much why did they make all her friends hear her talk?
Emili 3/4
1. One thing I learned from reading the Puritan Post is that the fear of indians started the Witch Trials. The war started in Plymouth when King Philip accused them of taking there land.
2. I learned that there were many ways of identifying a witch. A few of them included looking for the devil mar and dropping them in the river so see if they would float. But the floating method was outlawed before the trials.
3. The girls could have been faking the whole thing. Ergot was said to be in the bread and ergot make you have a burning sensation on your skin and have a choking feeling.
Question: If the people sank in the water test would they save them or just leave them to drown.
Philip B. 3-4
I learned a lot, but these three things I remember the most.
1. People used torture devices on the convicted "witches", but many confessed just to stop the pain.
2. The small incident of two young girls playing caused about 100, maybe more people to die.
3. People hysterically started accusing others, with no evidence or moral judgment. The Witch cases became unorganized and frightening because no one knew anything about how witches look or act.
question: How did the hysteria finally end, and did anyone still believe in witches after the trials ended?
Eriko 3-4
1. The trails happened because of Betty Parris and Abigail Williams who listen to the stories told by Tituba.
2. The strange things the girls did. The things Tituba taught them how to do.
3. The start of this was that the girls were bored and wanted to play.
Why did the court let the people who said they were witches go and not the ones who said that they were not witches?
Sylvie 3-4
There were many things I learned from this newspaper, but the facts that struck me most were:
1. Tibuta, Abigail and Elizabeth's indentured servant, was actually the one who introduced the idea of witchcraft to Salem, and was the person who taught Abigail and Elizabeth how to appear possessed (though perhaps she didn't realize how the girls would use the knowledge).
2. The reason Abigail and Betty acted so strangely and placed the people in their town in so much distrust may not have been just a cruel joke- it could have been because of a disease. Ergot poisoning from the corn they ate could have been the source of their behavior.
3. Men could be accused of witchcraft! All this time, I thought it was only women who had to fear there lives, but men like Giles Corey died for supposedly being wizards, just like women who died for being witches.
Question: Is it a coincidence that the first two people to be accused as witches were named Sarah?
Maya 3/4
1. I learned that Metacom was the son of Massasoit and called himself King Philip. He also had people kidnapped as a result of the war between the colonists and his forces.
2. Black magic was actually the West African religion. The Americans fasted in order to show respect for God but when they saw the West Africans fasting they related it towards them practicing black magic to please the devil.
3. When Giles Corey's wife had been accused of being a witch even though she was his wife he testified against her. Even though he testified against her he himself was still accused of being a witch. The form of torture they used to try and get Giles Corey to talk was called "pressing the truth". This was named by the way they stacked rocks on top of the persons body to try and get the truth out of them.
The question I have is why would they continue to throw people in the water if they knew that the person would die either way? Didn't they have enough common sense to see that all of the people forced into the water would drown? Or did they know and they just wanted to get rid of the people that were accused?
Gabriella 3-4
After reading about the Salem Witch Trials I learned that...
1) Rebecca Nurse had actually stood up for herself and denied her accusation of being a witch even though it did not change the courts mind.
2) Rebecca's family stood by her and even signed a petition for her release from jail and that they too were accused of witchcraft.
3) That on June second Nurse had a physical examination and the majority of the nurses said that she had a mark of the devil but only two disagreed. Later on she wrote to the court asking to be examined by different doctors but was denied so that she would have more evidence against her.
One question that I have is if you signed a petition for Rebecca Nurse's release what is the likelihood of you being accused of witchcraft yourself?
Kennedy 8-9
1. I learned that if someone had any deformity or rare color of hair or freckles or odd colored eyes someone is more likely to be accused of witchcraft.
2. I also learned that if people get better from a fatal desease or weigh less than the massive tombs of the day they are guilty. I think that both of those things are very unfair to either skinny people, lucky people, and unlucky people. More or less the Puritans hated anyone that wasn't average, just like in the Harrison Burgeron story.
3. I learned that similar witch hunts had happened a lot before such as in Scotland and in England.
Question: Weren't the Puritans going against their own view that everyone should get to practice their religion? They left England because they were being oppressed, so shouldn't they be accepting if someone practices something that Englishmen consider 'Witchcraft'?
Maddi R. 89
Facts I learned:
1. I did not know that the system now used in court of those accused are innocent until proven guilty, was originated from the events of the Salem Witch Trials.
2. I did not know that a group of bored girls (some of which were ill) and an indentured servant that believed in black magic, had begun the whole witch trial mayhem.
3. Finally, I did not know that king Philip's war affected the Salem Witch Trails, that the events scared the citizens of Salem into further belief of all the bad things happening (especially the witch accusations) were the devil's work.
Question: If the original girls accusing people of being witches were hysteric, did they ever return to normal? Also, the witch trials seemed like it had a huge impact on the citizens in Massachusetts and other places with witch trials. With that in mind, are there any cases were people still accuse other people of being witches, and execute the accused person, even after it was made illegal?
Anthony 8-9
1. Sarah Good, Sarah Osborne, and Tituba were the first accused of being witches.
2. The Salem Witch Trials started when nine-year old Betty Parris and eleven-year old Abigail Williams who began acted strange in church after listening to stories from Tituba the indentured servent of Samuel Parris'.
3. During the Salem Witch Trials in 1692, about 140 people had been accused of witchcraft.
Adam 3-4
I learned the following about Ergot Poisoning:
1. I learned that the ergot fungus grew in the rye, and grew the best in moist areas in the summer. The symptoms of eating the ergot on the rye include, hallucinations, a constriction of blood vessels, a burning sensation on the skin, the sensation that you are choking, and convulsions. All or most of the girls showed these symptoms.
2. Another thing I learned was one reason everyone would not be affected by the Ergot poisoning is rye was mainly grown on the western side of Salem. Anne Putnam Jr. lived on the western part of Salem and rye was grown on her father’s farmland. Anne Putnam’s mother and sisters displayed symptoms of ergot. The Putnams were supporters of Samuel Parris, so it is likely that when he was visiting them as a minister, the Putnams paid Parris with bread that had ergot, which in might have led to the symptoms displayed by Betty and Abigail.
3. One thing I never knew was how ergot could have started and stopped the witch trials. The Salem witch trials started in 1691. The summer of 1691 was wet, so ergot would be able to grow a lot. 1692 is when the Salem witch trials ended. The summer of 1692 was very dry and this would make it much harder for ergot to grow. Ergot could have been the cause of the Salem witch trials because in 1691 it could have started the trials because it was abundant in the wet summers, but in 1692 there was drought causing the trials to end.
Question: Could ergot have been the causes of other witch trials in Europe?
Clay 3/4
1. The most successful way to detect wether the accused is a witch is if she has the devils mark. If the mark is found it is pricked, if the accused feels pain and the mark bleeds then she isn't a witch. If the accused feels no pain and the mark doesn't bleed then they are a witch.
2. I learned that the hysteria began with two girls Betty Parris and Abigail Williamswho accused their slave Tituba of being a witch, because she was telling them stories about black magic. After they started to act strangely and said that it was Tituba's black magic.
3. Lastly I learned that the people of Salem mistaked black magic for the west African religion that their slaves practiced. One of these slaves who practiced, what the people of Salem thought was "black magic".
Question: How did the rulers of Salem come with ways to test wether the accused was a witch?
Apoorva 8-9
One thing I didn't know until I read some of the articles was that black magic was actually a part of West African religion, but Americans just saw their religion as a form of magic, witchcraft or devil worship.
I also learned that William Stoughton, Chief Justice in the court of Oyer and Terminer was rumored to have eaten contaminated food, and thus his judgment had supposedly been affected as well. I also didn't know he was never educated in law, which is kind of surprising.
The third thing I learned was that Samuel Sewell actually became more harsh in his judgments, because he voted not to hang a group of pirates, and later regretted that.
One question I have is when did they stop burning witches at the stake in England? Or did that continue throughout all the witch trials in England, but in the New World they decided hanging was more appropriate or something like that?
Lydia 3-4
i learned that the salem witch trails lasted a year, people were brutally murdered and that the judicial system at the time relied heavily on spectral evidence.i think the newspaper could have added more things about the ways the judges sentenced people to death.
I watched Karen video and her read her editorial article. I learned that Rebecca Nurse was a person that lived from 1621-1692. She was born in England and came to Salem, MA. She was accused by Ann Perkinson, who was a relative. Rebecca Nurse prayed for forgiveness at her trial but was convicted anyway. She was hung to death. Her family dug up her grave and reburied her by their house. In 1711, the government admitted that she wasn't a witch and was wrong to hang her. The video was very well put together. The article that follows had great political wit. It was very good overall.
Cat Nekrosius34
1.) The Salem Witch Trial hysteria began when young girls (aged anywhere between nine and 20) started to hear ghost stories from Rev. Samuel Parris's slave, Tituba. A few girls started to act wierd and accused Tituba of being a witch. They also accused Sarah Good and Sarah Osborne. In court, Tituba said that, when she saw the Devil's Book, she saw six other names as well. However, she could not make them out. Thus, the girls started to accuse other people to gain power.
2.) The girls did not only accuse people from Salem, but accused people as far away as Maine.
3.)The hysteria ended when Gov. Phipps ended the court of Oyer and Terminer and banned Spectral Evidence.
My question is: did how did Gov. Phipps win the trust of others so that he could end the trials?
Miles G. 8-9
Three thing's I learned:
1. The witch trials were bad and had killed many more people than I initially thought. Also the witch trials in england started in the 12th and 15th century.
2. The court was very advanced and had many people involved in cases. I also found that only 16% of people judged were hanged and that was interesting.
3. The best of all was the black magic. I found out that black magic was not really magic but the name for and old african religion!
Question: How did the ideas of the Devil and black magic get related?
Glen D. Hum 8-9
1. First I learned that Tituba was brought to Salem by Rev Samuel Parris when she was only sixteen years old. Also that as a result of living in America for so long that when the girls asked her to tell them the stories she was delighted because someone finally liked her and that she could share a piece of her culture.
2. I also learned that accused witches waiting for trial in the Salem Jail received little water and occasionally had to pay for their own food. And the fact that it happened during the trials when they already faced possible execution.
3. Finally I learned that a recent and massive witchtrial occurred in Scotland as a result of a law passed by the government which made witchcraft illegal and dozens of people were cruelly tortured and more killed.
Question: why was it that the Ye Currente Salem Times newspaper was colored with a more modern decoration?
Taylor 8-9
1. I learned that almost all of the afflicted girls' symptoms can be explained by ergotism, a disease caused by eating bad rye, and that what was called witchcraft could have just been an infection. I also learned about the symptoms of the disease, which are delusions, blood vessel stricture, and ictus.
2. I learned about what was called black magic, what it actually was, (West African religon) and why the Americans disliked it: because it went against their own Puritanism, reminding them of witches and the devil.
3. I learned about the horrifying trial of Rebecca Nurse: how other confessed witches testified against her, and how the accusing girls acted as if she was torturing them by moving her body, and how 39 people petitioned for her release -- and she was hanged.
Question: Why was the water test used if you would probably die both ways (when there was still some uncertainty as to whether you were guilty or not)?
Lucas 8 9
I had read the Ye Currente Salem Times newspaper. I found this paper to be very informative and well written.
1) One thing I had found out was that the townspeople would throw people into the river tied to a chair and see if they drown. I find this fact very sad.
2)I had also learned about a new person/witch named Tituba. Tituba had believed that the salem witch trails were started because of her ( she had taught Betty and Abigail to meow and bark like dogs).
3) The scottish government in the year 1563 made a law saying "practicing witchcraft or consulting with a witch in Scotland is prohibited." If i did not know that this is a very serious topic i might laugh.
Ross 3/4
I am sorry I forgot my question.
Was everything the same after the witch trails?
Ross 3/4
i learned that the salem witch trails lasted a year, people were brutally murdered and that the judicial system at the time relied heavily on spectral evidence.i think the newspaper could have added more things about the ways the judges sentenced people to death.
1. Anyone who had received a complaint about witchcraft would be sent to see the magistrate. Then would take this person and examine them for devil marks.If the person was accused the would have to go to trial with the court of Oyer.
2. Also the person with devil marks on them would be sentenced to the Salem jail which was a an awful place with little water and sometimes they would make you pay for your food.
3. After the Salem jail the person is judged by the people on the jury. If you confessed to being a witch they would be let go. Or "saved" if they admitted to having a contract with the devil.If they were innocent and were found guilty in the court they would be sentenced to death or hanging.
Q:How was it established that the witches had connection with the devil?
Charlotte E. 8-9
1. The Witch Trials were about between 1580 and 1682.
2. The Christian Churches were the ones who accused witches of being evil to make people convert.
3. The Witch Hysteria started when education and literacy levels were low.
Question: Why was it the women that were most usually accused of being Witches?
Anna 8-9
1) One thing I learned about the Salem Witch Trials is that it was all started by a nine and eleven year old. I never would have guessed all this could happen from just them.
2) Also the girls who heard Tituba's stories would have fits, throw things across the room, witch, babble, and just acted unusually for a woman in Salem.
3) The reason why people in Salem believed these little girls was because they had no one else to listen to, they would've belived the children if they said something completely made up!!
question: I was wondering were the girls just pretending to throw fits and act strangely or were they actually effected by Tituba's stories?
Carly 8-9
I thought it was interesting to learn that Elizabeth Hubbard and Abigail Williams might have accused people because they had Ergot poisoning. From my reading, I think that some of the ways people were tested to be witches were kind of unbelievable. Especially the floating test because if you were thought to be a witch you would float and if you were not you sunk, so you died or got punished either way. Also, similar to the float test, it was interesting to lean that if you had confessed sometimes you were saved, and got by unpunished.
I would like to know how many people were left after the trials were over. I would also like to know, how many people did not get punished or executed.
Maya G. 8/9
One of the things I learned was the first person to be executed was Bridget Bishop on June 10th 1692. I also learned that more than 140 people were accused of witch craft.
I also wonder that after the witch trials did people who died were grieved?
Karla 8-9
In the article Corn-Mungus Fungus, by Claire K., I learned a lot of things. I learned that the ergotism disease mostly grow on rye and other small wheat. And that the color of the ergot bodies can range from dark purple the black. Also that the ergot bodies grow to be one to four centimeters long and one eighth of a centimeter wide. I also learned that if a person were to eat the ergot bodies, they would experience confusions, delusions, fits, hallucinations, spasms, and the loss of body parts (due to the loss of blood circulation). Another interesting thing that I learned about ergotism is that in France in 1039, the ergotism outbreak was so big that there was an entire hospital dedicated to treating this disease. I learned many things in this article. I think it was very informative and I enjoyed reading it.
Eve Periods 8-9
I think there is a similarity between Crickets and The Phone Booth at the Corner. When the grandfather is pushing in the opposite direction as his grandson it is kind of like when ted is trying to share some of the things he did as a kid with his son. In each case there was a cultural difference between the two generations. What i mean by that is that one is about language and the other is about missing his childhood. The two stories are somewhat the same but the ending is very very different.
I think there is a similarity between Crickets and The Phone Booth at the Corner. When the grandfather is pushing in the opposite direction as his grandson it is kind of like when ted is trying to share some of the things he did as a kid with his son. In each case there was a cultural difference between the two generations. What i mean by that is that one is about language and the other is about missing his childhood. The two stories are somewhat the same but the ending is very very different.
Shoshana Holt-Auslander per 1-2
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